-
-
More than one million votes
Using a novel methodology, Craig Garthwaite and Tim Moore, economists at the University of Maryland, College Park concluded that Winfrey's endorsement of Obama not only netted him 1,015,559 votes in the Democratic primary alone (with a 95% confidence interval of 423,123 to 1,596,995) but decided the election. The researchers were not able to apply their methodology to all states however, so their estimate does not include any additional Oprah effect that may have emerged in Texas, Michigan, North Dakota, Kansas, or Alaska.[33]
"It does appear to have been a decisive, if not a deciding, factor," explained Garthwaite.
Garthwaite and Moore matched sales of Winfrey's "O" magazine and the spike in sales of her book club picks to Obama's votes in the Democratic primary. After controlling for a large range of confounding factors such as the fact that both Obama and Winfrey are popular with African Americans, Garthwaite and Moore showed that votes for Obama spiked in precisely the same geographic areas where Winfrey is the most popular. By applying the same methodology to Obama's 2004 Senate race, when he did not have Winfrey's endorsement, they found no relationship between Obama votes and Winfrey popularity in Illinois; the relationship only emerged after the endorsement, suggesting that Winfrey’s endorsement had caused the spike in Obama’s vote total in those counties.
Garthwaite and Moore also showed that the connection is not because people who read women's magazines preferred Obama to Clinton. Just the opposite, Obama got less support where women's magazines such as Self and People are popular. After controlling for racial demographics, the economists also found no relationship between the popularity of Ebony magazine, whose readership is largely African American, and support for Obama.
In addition to getting Obama over a million votes, the researchers found that Winfrey's support boosted campaign contributions to him in those counties where she is most popular.[34] They found that Winfrey's biggest effect was in caucus states like Iowa.[5]
During the Democratic primary, there was controversy over which states should be counted in the popular vote total and not all states released official vote counts, but it's estimated that at most, Obama won the popular vote by 151,844 votes without counting Michigan's disputed votes[35] Clinton, however, won the popular vote by 176,645 votes when Michigan's numbers were included.[36] -
HOLY SHIT THATS FRIGGIN HILARIOUS !!
-
www.fubiz.com ....uhmm, yeah that's about it. Oh and youtube...duh
-
-
i didn't get my period
-
Idk! I don't pay much attention cos i'm asleep.
But heres songs that i listen to while i fall asleep :
Transatlanticism - Death Cab For Cutie
Anthems For A Seventeen-Year-Old Girl - Broken Social Scene
A Real Hero - College -
My Face won't allow it :(
-
LORD OF THE RINGS!!!
-
LordOfTheRingsss!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!....For it's original score...
Soundtrack - Bandslam/500 DoS/Hall Pass/The Inbetweeners -
It's a street away from the red light district! This is why i like to cycle at night
-
-
Clean armpits
-
Talking...if i'm not shyy!
-
-
-
Are pornstars celebrities?
-
It's like every one of his movies and teasers just shows his ego growing....it's freaking annoying...so the answer would be NO!!! HE"S AWESOOMMMEEEE
-
HAHHAHAHAHAH, nice one dude
-
Broken Social Scene (Self-Entitled Album) - Broken Social Scene
Novels - The Burning Hotels
Up From Below - Edward Sharpe & The Magnetic Zeros
Greatest Hits - Foo Fighters
Come Around Sundown - Kings of Leon
Manners - Passion Pit
Summer In Abaddon - Pinback
Wolfgang Amadeus Phoenix - Phoenix
Myths Of The Near Future - Klaxons
Eighty Five Mirrors - The Burning Hotels
(here's the 11th) You Forgot It In People - Broken Social Scene -
-
Marcel!
Stupid Singapore
Marcel!’s Bio
I love you, man
